Mẹo How were the colonial assemblies able to control royal governors who were appointed to each of the British colonies by the king of England?
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Nội dung chính- Copyright noticeHow did the colonial assemblies control the royal governors?How did the colonial assemblies control the royal governors through the power of the purse?What powers did the colonial assemblies have?What colony had royal governors with colonial assemblies?
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The Role of the Lower Houses of Assembly in Eighteenth-Century PoliticsThe Journal of Southern History
Vol. 27, No. 4 (Nov., 1961)
, pp. 451-474 (24 pages)
Published By: Southern Historical Association
https://doi.org/10.2307/2204309
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2204309
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Journal Information
The Journal of Southern History, which is edited and sponsored by Rice University, is a quarterly devoted to the history of the American South and is unrestricted as to chronological period, methodology, or southern historical topic. The Journal publishes refereed articles and solicited book reviews and book notes on all aspects of southern history. As the organ of the Southern Historical Association, which is headquartered in the Department of History the University of Georgia, the Journal also publishes items pertaining to the business of the Association as well as news and notices of interest to historians of and in the South. The purpose of the Southern Historical Association is to encourage the study of history in the South with an emphasis on the history of the South.
Publisher Information
The Southern Historical Association was organized on November 2, 1934 and charged with promoting an "investigative rather than a memorial approach" to southern history. Its objectives are the promotion of interest and research in southern history, the collection and preservation of the South's historical records, and the encouragement of state and local historical societies in the South. As a secondary purpose the Association fosters the teaching and study of all areas of history in the South. The Association holds an annual meeting, usually in the first or second week of November, and publishes The Journal of Southern History.
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Copyright notice
This article is from the Encyclopedia of North Carolina edited by William S. Powell. Copyright © 2006 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. For personal use and not for further distribution. Please submit permission requests for other use directly to the publisher.
Printer-friendly pageEvery governor of Great Britain's royal colonies received an official commission and a set of instructions from the Board of Trade that were to guide his actions while in office. The instructions detailed the powers of the governor, executive council, and Assembly and touched on nearly all administrative and executive matters. Written in England by officials who were unaware of the colonies' political realities, the instructions often placed the governors in an awkward position. Governors were required to abide by the instructions, which were intended to assert stronger British control of the colonies and make them more profitable for the homeland. This brought the governors time and again into conflict with the Assembly and colonists of the unruly province of North Carolina until the final break with Britain in 1775. British authorities regarded the instructions as having the force of royal commands, whereas the colonists viewed them as no more than guidelines or suggestions and bristled the thought that they were mandatory.
Governors' commissions were public documents, but the royal instructions were secret documents intended for the governor alone, although occasionally he might make parts of their contents known to the council or Assembly. This secrecy was another source of colonial resentment. Usually, a royal governor's instructions were drawn up by the Board of Trade, sent to the secretary of state and the Privy Council for approval, and finally endorsed by the king. The instructions were cumulative; that is, instructions sent to one governor were binding on his successors unless changed.
The pressure to obey instructions from the Board of Trade made it difficult for a governor to rule in North Carolina. The colonial Assembly, which dated back to the Proprietary charters of 1663 and 1665, was used to operating without much restraint from British authority, but after 1729 the Crown held that the Assembly's authority existed only by royal decree and tried to limit its powers. The colonists believed that the powers of the Crown were still restricted by the Carolina charter, and that rights and privileges granted the colony by the charter were still valid. The Assembly, which retained much control of the colony's finances, reacted to British pressure by refusing to pay the salaries of royal officials and quarreling over the governors' appropriations. Governors often had to disobey parts of their instructions in order to reach compromises with the Assembly to attain least some of their goals. These compromises sometimes resulted in laws that were rejected by the Crown when news of them reached England.
Josiah Martin, North Carolina's last royal governor, strictly adhered to his instructions, insisted that they required obedience from the Assembly as well as himself, and made little effort to understand the colonists' views. In 1773 the Assembly added to a vital courts bill an attachment clause that permitted the seizure of property of non-North Carolinians who owed a debt in the province. Martin, citing his instructions, refused to allow the bill. The Assembly refused to pass a courts bill without it, and therefore after 1773 there were no courts in the colony except those of the county magistrates. Martin tried to use his authority to create new criminal courts, but the Assembly refused to pay for them. In response to Martin's blind regard to his instructions, the Assembly also established a Committee of Correspondence to keep in touch with the increasingly rebellious representatives of the other colonies.
References:
Leonard W. Labaree, ed., Royal Instructions to British Colonial Governors, 1670-1776 (2 vols., 1935).
Charles Lee Raper, North Carolina: A Study in English Colonial Government (1904).
Blackwell P. Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 1729-1775 (1963).
1 January 2006 | Norris, David A.
How did the colonial assemblies control the royal governors?
They possessed royal authority transmitted through their commissions and instructions. Among their powers included the right to summon, prorogue and dissolve the elected assembly. Governors could also veto any bill proposed by the colonial legislature.How did the colonial assemblies control the royal governors through the power of the purse?
Local assemblies were able to control the royal governors appointed by the king with the power of the purse. Since local assemblies paid the governor's salary, they would simply withhold pay until the governor agreed to their demands. The English Atlantic trade system shaped the North American colonies.What powers did the colonial assemblies have?
The colonial assemblies, aware of events in England, attempted to assert their "rights" and "liberties." By the early 18th century, the colonial legislatures held two significant powers similar to those held by the English Parliament: the right to vote on taxes and expenditures, and the right to initiate legislation ...What colony had royal governors with colonial assemblies?
The first colonial assembly was the Virginia House of Burgesses, created on 30 July 1619, with a governor, Sir George Yeardley, four members of the council, and two burgesses from each of the Virginia boroughs as a unicameral body toàn thân enlisting the settlers' support for the decisions passed by the company headquarters in ... Tải thêm tài liệu liên quan đến nội dung bài viết How were the colonial assemblies able to control royal governors who were appointed to each of the British colonies by the king of England? Colonial assembly definition Colonial governors Colonial government examples Colony history
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